home

​ The **__Cuban Revolution__** began in 1959. It started because of a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks, the military in Santiago de Cuba, and ended with triumph over the dictator, Fulgencio Batista. After the failure at Moncada, most of the rebels were killed or captured. At peoples trials, the prisoners gave speeches and some are now famous like Fidel Castro’s, “History Will Absolve Me.” When Fidel was released, he was forced into exile for his own safety. When he was in Mexico, he formed an army to be prepared for a war against Batista, the dictator. On December 2nd, 1956 Fidel and 82 others boarded the Granma which landed in Cuba. The number of rebels were minimized by Batista’s army, but most of the important leaders made their way into the Sierra Maestra mountains. The rebel forces began to rely on the peasants for support. Batista fearlessly attacked pro-Castro’s towns, which only upset the townsfolk and made them even more pro-Castro. A movement in the cities began as well. Frank Pais, who Castro had left in charge while in exile, began to attack the Batista government in many ways. Anti-Batista students, though not associated with Castro controlled groups of rebels, unsuccessfully lead an armed violence on the Presidential Palace. On May 24th, 1958, Batista launched Opreracion Verano.With 17 battalions, with tanks, planes, and ships, they planned to enter the Sierra Maestra and force a showdown with Castro’s rebels. Though greatly outnumbered, the rebels repeatedly won and drove the army back. Columns commanded by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Raul Castro, Camilo Ceinfuegos, and others took on army camps larger then them many times. Che Guevara helped with many revalutions including the Cuban Revolution. Batistas army was unprepared for the fighting conditions and the Guerrilla style of fighting; consequently, descertion, and surrender were common tactics used under the dictators forces. Eventually, Batista decided the situation was hopeless. His generals had arived at the same conclusion and were glad when Batista decided to give up the fight so he surrendered. Batista fled to Spain. A big ally to the rebelling people was the USSR, the soviet union, by pervading both economical and political support by giving Cuba things like Sugar Cane and tobacco. The United States was a supporter of Batista’s leadership. = =

The Quartering Act The Quartering Act of 1765 began when the colonists protested against England taxing everything. The Quartering Act was a law made by the British that stated that the colonists provide housing, bedding and beverages to the British soldiers. After the Revolution, an amendment was added to the Constitution that gave people a choice, to give housing to strangers or not to.

Boston Massacre Before the Boston Massacre Great Britain had a policy that soldiers not fire or use their weapons. The soldiers were under these strict orders all because of when a fight broke out and a man was struck. People would taunt the soldiers because they knew that the soldiers were under strict order not to shoot. One day a person in the crowd threw a wooden club at a soldier. After the soldier was struck another soldier, or someone else in the crowd yelled "Fire!" and that is exactly what the red coats did. That is how the Boston Massacre started. Only the Soldiers had weapons so everyone else was left defenseless.

Townshend Acts of 1767. The purpose of the Townshend acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of the governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial control. The towns people would say "No taxation without representation." Most taxes were retained but the taxes on tea were retained. The British government still made attempts to tax the colonists without their approval. The Boston Tea Party, and the American Revolution followed soon after.

Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson not only was the third president of The United States, but also was the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the most affecting spokesmen of the nation founding principles. His impact on the American Revolution was a great one. Jefferson believed that the colonists had the right to govern themselves, as well as he also believed that the Parliament was only to have control over Great Britain, not the colonies. This then pretty much started the American Revolution. When Jefferson first wrote his draft of the Declaration of Independence, after the colonists won the war, Congress revised it, and then it was set to go on July 4th, 1776, which is now called the Fourth of July.

George Washington. George Washington, who is usually called the father of his country, was the commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, as well as he was the first president of the United States. During the French and Indian War, Washington was commissioned to be a lieutenant colonel, and he was ordered to lead an expedition to Fort Duquesne to drive out the French. He was also an aide to British General Edward Braddock. Throughout his life, Washington had much impact on many decisions and many wars.

Common Sense. Common sense was an essay written by Thomas Paine and published in January of 1776. The essay was apparently popular and sold over 500,000 copies in the first six months of its publication. The document urged the colonists to rebel against the British. Other documents like this had been published, but none had been as effective.

The Declaration of Independence. In 1776 on July 4th, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. It was written because Jefferson wanted to stress the natural rights, and the freedom the people deserved. Jefferson lists many faults in the government, which explains the rights that the colonists deserved. The Declaration of Independence wants to show that the citizens have power too, not just the government. If the government fails to protect the rights and duties the citizens will work together to provide new government and guards for their new security. The Declaration of Independence also states the wrongs done by the king of Britain.

Notes from LG

__Social World Notes__ Guiding Question 1: What forces brought about the American Revolution? Guiding Question 2: What forces can bring about revolution and which revolutions have impacted our world? Starting about 1753-1754, there was battle between the French and British. There always had been tension between who got what land from Europe to North America. France claimed that from the St. Lawrence River west to the Great Lakes and south to the Gulf of Mexico was theirs. They then built forts to protect their land, mostly to keep the British away, and from expanding westward from where they were. Many events, for example the conflict in the Ohio Valley where the English settlers kept pushing westward so they could trade fur, led to what was called the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was between the French and Indians against the British or English settlers. The English settlers wanted to have more land westward. Both groups wanted the Ohio Valley, because it was at the center of the valuable French fur trade, and also the Ohio Valley provided a very good link between their lands in Canada and their settlements along the Mississippi River. George Washington’s soldiers fired the opening shots declaring war had begun. After the war, which Britain pretty much won, meaning the French only got land on the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, there was what was called the Proclamation of 1763. The Proclamation of 1763 was after Pontiac’s War, which was when the French were gone; the British were pushing more onto the Indian’s land. The French who had signed the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which said the French, had no power in North America, therefore the Indians, discouraged, slowly returned back to their homes after fighting with the British. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued because the British government decided that it would be best if they let the Indians keep their land west of the Appalachian Mountains. So, they made the Proclamation of 1763, and drew an imaginary line across the Appalachian Mountains, so the Colonists were not allowed to cross it. Any colonists who were settled in the west were to remove themselves immediately. The colonists did not like this however, and moved west anyway. The French and Indian War had put the British into debt. Therefore, they produced the Sugar Act of 1763. The Sugar Act was a tax on molasses. This made the colonists very angry because they were producing rum with the molasses for the triangular trade. The triangular trade was between the colonists, Africa, and Hispaniola. The colonists produced rum to sell to Africa, which Africa bought, then sold slaves to the colonists who then gave the slaves to the West Indies or Hispaniola, who gave them more molasses to turn into rum, and then the trade started over again. With the new tax on the molasses, the triangular trade became hard to maintain. In the end colonists just smuggled in the molasses. Then there was the Stamp Act issued in 1765. The Stamp Act was a tax placed on legal documents such as wills, marriage papers, and diplomas. It also taxed newspapers, playing cards, almanacs, and even dice. All the items named in the law had to carry a stamp showing that the tax had been paid. Again, the colonists did not like the Stamp Act. They protested. When the British officials started to collect the taxes the colonists started throwing rocks at them, and even tarring and covering them in feathers. This started the cause no taxation without representation. Colonists said that the Stamp Act taxes were unjust. They said the taxes went against no taxation without representation. This principle was rooted back to the days of the Magna Carta. The colonists said they were willing to pay taxes only if their legislatures were the ones to pass them, and since none of the representatives from the colonies were elected to be a part of the British Parliament the British had no right to tax them. Colonists from New Hampshire to Georgia decided to meet in New York City to form what was called as the Stamp Act Congress. They then formed a petition for King George 3rd and Parliament. Though, Parliament paid very little attention to it. Then the colonists decided to boycott British goods. This was not good for the British, who then canceled the Stamp Act, but they did pass a law stating that Parliament could raise taxes in “all cases whatsoever.” In May 1767, Parliament decided they should start the Townshend Acts. The Townshend Acts was a tax put on glass, paper, lead, paint, and tea. The taxes were not at a high price, but the colonists still refused to pay them. They still said Parliament should not tax them without the colonists consent. The Townshend Acts also produced a new way to collect taxes. Customs officials were sent to America with orders to stop smuggling. They used legal documents called writs of assistance; the officers would be allowed to inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a reason. Colonists protested that the writs of assistance violated their rights as being British citizens. Under British law, a government official could not search a person’s property without a good reason. Then colonists started boycotting again, this time because of the Townshend Acts. They no longer were buying British goods. On the night of March 5th, 1770, a crowd was gathered outside the Boston Customs house. Colonists were shouting insults at the British. Then the colonists started throwing stuff at the British soldiers. As the crow grew rowdier and larger the British soldiers panicked. They fired their guns into the crowd, killing several people, one of them the famous Crispus Attucks. Colonists quickly protested the incident, which they were calling the Boston Massacre. On the same day of the Boston Massacre Parliament repealed the taxes. The Quartering Act, which was a law that was passed stating that if the British soldiers did not have a place to stay in the colonies, they would have to stay with the colonists in their homes, was repealed and most of the taxes that bothered the colonists were taken back. Though, King George 3rd, still said there should be a tax on tea, and Parliament agreed. This news made the colonists very happy. They didn’t mind the tax on tea that much. So for a couple of years peace returned to the Colonies and to Britain. Though, the debate over taxes was still left unsettled. Tea was very popular in Britain and in the colonies. So when Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 because the East India Tea Company was in deep financial trouble, the colonists were not happy. The way the Tea Act worked was the British lowered the price on the tea, but put a small tax on it. This meant tea was cheaper than ever before. Parliament hoped this would encourage the colonists to but more tea. Although, the colonists were not happy again because they thought that the Tea Act violated the American right to conduct free enterprise, and the colonists were mad because they were cut out of the tea trade. They then decided to boycott again. In late November 1773, three ships loaded with tea reached Boston Harbor. The colonial governor of Massachusetts insisted that they unload their cargo like always. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty, who were people who were very against the British and did many things to threaten them, were going to make sure that the tea didn’t leave the Boston Harbor. After Sam Adam’s letter to the governor asking the ships to leave the harbor was rejected, a group of his men dressed up as Indians dodged into the meetinghouse. The dressed up colonists then left the meeting house and went to the harbor. They boarded the three ships and dumped all the tea into the harbor. By 10:00 p.m., what was called the Boston Tea Party was over. After the Boston Tea Party three hundred forty-two chests of tea were floating in the harbor. The British were disgusted by the colonist’s behavior. In 1774, Parliament, guided by King George 3rd, punished Massachusetts, by posting the Intolerable Acts, as the colonists called them. First Intolerable Act: Parliament shut down the port of Boston. No ship could leave or enter it until the colonists paid back all the tea they had disposed of, and for damaged property of British officials. Second Intolerable Act: Parliament forbade Massachusetts colonists to hold town meetings more than once a year, without the governor’s permission. Also, all juries were to be elected by the King’s officials instead of them being elected. Third Intolerable Act: Parliament allowed customs officers and other officials who could’ve been charged with major crimes to only be tried in Canada or Britain, instead of Massachusetts. Fourth Intolerable Act: Parliament passed a new Quartering Act stating no redcoats would camp in tents on Boston Common. Instead colonists would have to house the British in their homes if no other housing was available. In Massachusetts colonists were already preparing to fight. Volunteers known as minutemen trained regularly. Minutemen were people who kept their muskets at hand and were ready to fight at any time. Then British troops started arriving. The total number of troops was about four thousand. On April 18, 1775, almost seven hundred troops quietly left Boston in the darkness of the night. They wanted to seize the colonial arms. The Sons of Liberty were aware of what the British were trying to do, therefore they as soon as the British set out, the colonists hung two lamps from the Old North Church in Boston. This was the signal stating that the recoats were crossing the Charles River. At daybreak, April 19th, the redcoats reached Lexington. Seventy minutemen directed by Captain John Parker, were waiting. The British ordered the minutemen to go home. Due to the fact that the colonists were outnumbered, they started to leave. Then a shot was fired. Eight colonists were killed. Then the British went to Concord, though they found no arms there. On a bridge outside Concord, they met 300 minutemen. Fighting again broke out. Though, this time the British were forced to retreat. As the redcoats started to leave, many shots were fired. The British had lost 73 men, and another 200 were missing or wounded. The news of the battles of Lexington and Concord basically said there would not be a peaceful settlement between the British and the colonists. Only war could settle the problems they had with Britain. In September 1774, colonial leaders called a meeting in Philadelphia. Delegates from 12 colonies gathered and it became known as the First Continental Congress. Georgia was the only one who did not send delegates. After a long time of debating, they decided to support Boston due to the Intolerable Acts, and to also boycott British goods and to stop sending British goods out until the Intolerable Acts were canceled. The delegates also said that each colony should have their own militia, which is an army of citizens who will fight in an emergency. They agreed to meet again in May 1775, because of the Intolerable Act stating they could not meet more than once a year. The 2nd Continental Congress was formed on May 10th, 1775. There was a convention of delegates from each of the 13 colonies. They discussed their issues shortly after warfare had begun. The 2nd Continental Congress managed the colonial war effort, and then from there moved slowly towards independence, adopting the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776. By directing strategy, raising armies, making formal treaties, and appointing diplomats, the Congress became the de facto national government of what became the United States. With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, the congress became the Congress of Confederation. // Common Sense //, written by Thomas Paine, came out in January of 1776. It was a pamphlet stating that the British were wrong, and that the Colonies should become their own nation. The pamphlet was trying to change the mind of many colonists who still felt they owed allegiance to Kind George 3rd; they were the people who were called loyalists. It said the colonists did not owe anything to Britain. He said it would only hurt the colonists to remain under British rule. Around six months had gone by, and over 500,000 copies of it were sold. // Common Sense // sold many colonists on the idea of independence. One man named Richard Henry Lee said that after reading it he was now convinced of necessity of the separation from Britain. They then took it up to the Congress, who took it up and asked the following people to be on the committee for the Declaration of Independence, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman. However, they asked Thomas Jefferson to write the document. In late June, Jefferson completed the document and it was read to Congress. Congress voted that the document was right and that the 13 colonies were to be free and independent states. After fixing a few errors in Jefferson’s language the delegates adopted the document on the night of July 4th, 1776. They then ordered the Declaration of Independence to be printed. The Declaration of Independence consisted of an introduction or preamble. The second part talks about the British’s wrongdoings. The last part of it states the colonies independence. The preamble talks about the government, and how it should be managed. The second part, which talks about the British’s wrongdoings, states all the wrong things that King George 3rd had done, and that the colonists had tried to stop it, but King George 3rd would not listen to them. The third part, which talks about the colonies becoming independent, stated that the colonies were to be called the United States of America. They would cut all political ties with Britain. They would have control now over their land. The Battle of Yorktown, which took place in 1781, was pretty much the last battle in the Revolutionary War. There was a man named General Charles Cornwallis who was on the British side. He was leading his troops to fight at Yorktown in New York, because the other British troop leader, Benedict Arnold was very successful fighting around these areas. Though, Cornwallis made a mistake. He ignored an order from Sir Henry Clinton that said to send part of his army to New York. Instead he went to Yorktown Peninsula, a strip of land retreating into the Chesapeake Bay. He thought that the British would be able to supply his army from the sea. Then Washington saw an opportunity to catch Cornwallis. He marched his Continental Troops south from New York. There were also French with the Americans who earlier on had sided with them. The army then went to join General Lafayette who was French. Then another group of Patriots under rule of Admiral de Grasse was also heading toward Virginia, and once they were in Chesapeake Bay Cornwallis was cut off. He could not get any supplies from the British, nor could he escape. After many weeks of holding on, Cornwallis eventually gave up, meaning the British had lost the Battle of Yorktown. On October 19th, 1781, the British surrendered their weapons. The British knew it was all over after they lost the Battle of Yorktown. They then decided to talk peace talks. The talks began in Paris in 1782. Congress sent Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay of New York, and Henry Laurens of South Carolina to talk it out. Due to the fact that Britain was very eager to end the war, the Americans got most of what they wanted. Under what was called the Treaty of Paris, the British recognized the United States as an independent nation. It expanded from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. The Northern border of the United States stopped at the Great Lakes, and the southern border stopped at Florida, which went back to Spain. It was almost eight years to the day of the first Battle of Lexington and Concord, when Congress approved the Treaty of Paris on April 15th, 1783. Women also played a big part in the American Revolution. Many of them such as Martha Washington, Betsy Ross, and many others helped the men fight, make the uniforms, cooked, and so on. After the war many women went on to have more rights for them to be passed as a law which came later on. The war motivated them that everything and everyone should be treated fairly, even women. African Americans also played a big part in the war. Many of them who were slaves convinced the Governors to let them fight, which they did. Most of them sided with the Americans; however some of them sided with the British. If you were enslaved and you sided with the Americans you ran the risk of being captured by the British and be sold. If you were on the British side to gain freedom you ran the risk of being captured and hanged by the Patriots. John Hancock was not only the President of the Continental Congress, but he was also the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. He printed it in big, bold letters, hoping King George 3rd would be able to read it. Thomas Jefferson, a shy and tiny man, wrote the Declaration of Independence, and presented it to the Continental Congress, first it was revised, then they voted, and it became what it is today in July 4th, 1776. George Washington born 1732-1799, was not only called the father of his country, and also the first president of the United States, but also before that he was assigned to build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet to form the Ohio River, in 1754, when Washington was only 22 years old. Though, when Washington led 150 men to the place where he was going to build his fort the French had just completed Fort Duquesne there. Then Washington ordered his men to attack the French which they did. They then quickly built a fort, which they named Fort Necessity. Though the French and their allies the Indians, took control and attacked Washington and his men, and eventually held Washington hostage, though they let him go later on. George Washington then went on to be a commander-in-chief of the American Revolutionary forces in 1775. He participated in many events during this time, some like when forced the British out of Boston, lost New York, and crossed the Delaware River in New Jersey, defeating the surprised enemy units later that year. John Adams, who became the second president of the United States in 1796, was elected for having the most electoral votes, and Thomas Jefferson became vice president. Before that he was a delegate from Massachusetts, to the Continental Congress, as he played a big role in having the Congress adopt the Declaration of Independence in 1776. He was also George Washington’s vice president for two terms. While he was president though, he was quickly forced to deal with problems with France. Benjamin Franklin was not only the United State’s founding fathers but also a great writer, printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. Before the Revolutionary War he was chosen to be Pennsylvania Assembly delegate to the second Continental Congress. He then helped edit the Declaration of Independence, In December, 1776, Franklin was dispatched to France as commissioner for the United States.

Effects of the Cultural Revolution

The start of the Cultural Revolution of China’s effects began when it was declared. Very quickly, countless buildings, books, and paintings were destroyed by the Red Guards. In Tibet, over 6,000 monasteries were destroyed, and in Inner Mongolia, some 790,000 people were persecuted, of these 22,900 were beaten to death and 120,000 were maimed.  By December 1967, over three hundred million copies of Mao’s Quotations had been printed. Much economic activity was slowed to a halt. During the ten years of the revolution, education was completely stopped. The entrance exams to universities were stopped and did not begin again until 1969. Many children protested against this, and wrote books later in their lives about their experiences. In one of these books, the author claimed the amount of people killed to be as high as 3 million, and one recent scholarly account states that in rural China alone some 36 million people were persecuted during the Revolution. The old days of the Cultural Revolution of China could easily be called ‘Days of Tyranny’ for someone. 

Causes of the Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution broke out more than thirty years ago in China, and few people know what the Cultural Revolution was and why it happened. What can be said for sure is that it made a big impact on almost all people in China including young students and it had impact on a lot of people in the world.

The Cultural Revolution started in October of 1966, and ended in October of 1976. The Cultural Revolution was threatening China for 10 years. In the start of the cultural revolution destructive groups such as the Red Guards and the Cultural Revolution Authority took their power and drove China into severe confusion.

After the Cultural Revolution took place Mao Zedong withdrew from active rule and left Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping to guide the Economy to recovery. Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution to rid the country of anti-communist influences. After the Revolution China found out that Mao only launched it to protect his own political position. After the Revolution Deng Xiaoping took the place of Mao Zedong and took the responsibility to lead the economy and country back to normal, and back to safety.

The reasons that Mao started the Cultural Revolution of China, were because he had a worry that the spirit of communism in China was disappearing under the power of Liu Shaoqi, and Deng Xiaoping. Mao also launched the Cultural Revolution of China, because he had a fear that the Soviet of De-Stalinisation might be followed, Mao had a belief that if he started a Revolution, it would be a continual process, and save his role, and lastly Mao had a concern however that if he did not start a Revolution he would lose his power and his influence on the people of China.

At the beginning of the Revolution, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping supported Mao Zedong's beliefs and didn't do anything to stop him from launching the Revolution, because they were living in a type of tyranny at the time, and Mao was the tyrant. Liu, Zhou, and Deng were afraid that if they did anything to stop Mao they would be either removed from their roles, or killed.


 * James's Notes**

**John Hancock** John Hancock entered politics in 1765, as a Boston selectman. It was the affair involving his ship that made Hancock a hero. His ship was importing wine when the customs collector went on board and someone that was on the ship locked him in the cabin. The wine was then taken off the ship and therefore they didn’t have to pay the taxes for wine. Hancock’s loyalties were clearly with the colonists in this instance about refusing to pay taxes for wine on boats. After that, Hancock was working with Samuel Adams, which led to revolutionary events.

Social- The culture revolution was relevant because it affected many people especially the young and uneducated. During the war much education for the young was lost, millions of people dying.
 * Cultural** **Revolution**
 * Economic** - The government was in an economic mess. (Especially during the war) After Mao was thrown out of emperies place, Deng Xiaoping fixed the financial problem money. Many people stopped working and learning, affecting the young.
 * Political** - The government was a tyranny ran by Mao Empire. Mao was afraid of losing his confidence and power in the people. Mao wanted to start a revolution because if he didn’t communism might be lost along with his high position. He was also afraid that De-Stalinisation might follow and take over communism. After the people found out that the revolution was only to take of and to protect Mao’s reputation, Deng Xiaoping took Mao’s place.

2nd Continental Congress was formed on May 10th, 1775. There was a convention of delegates from each of the 13 colonies. The 2nd Continental Congress managed the colonial war effect. Rising armies, making formal treaties, and appointing diplomats. These delegates created the Congress of Confederation.
 * 2nd Continental Congress**

Was the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was a very well known spokesperson. He believed in colonists having the right to govern themselves. He also believed that parliament didn’t have any control over the colonists, only Great Britain.
 * Thomas Jefferson**

He was the father of the country, commander of the Continental Army. He was also a commissioned to be a lieutenant colonial for the British in the French and Indian War. He was a very important factor in many wars.
 * George Washington**

He was a politician ho had a big roe in the Continental Congress. He was one of the founding fathers and a very good one. He was a president and a vice president. In his term he dealt a lot with the French Revolution.
 * John Adams**

He was a very smart man with many talents, writer, printer, satirist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic, activist, statesman, solider, and diplomat. He was also dispatched to France to be a commissioner for the U.S. He was a very respected politician.
 * Benjamin Franklin**

Also james's notes

**French and Indian War** The French and Native Americans built a friendship. They mixed their cultures and traded with each other getting along with each other. The French owned the mid-western part of America; Britain got jealous and wanted to expand its land from the east coast. The colonists also wanted to expand their land. They were tired of the east coast. Some colonists had traveled and explored the land west. The problem was that the colonists were farmers and lumberjacks. They wanted to cut down the trees and move in their community, while the French and Native Americans were trappers and hunters. They would cope and mix with the land instead of destroying it. Instead of overcoming and taking over communities like the British, the French took a different approach. They would make friendships with the Native Americans and they would intermarry. The British wanted the land, and so they had only one choice, war. This was the start of the French and Indian War. The reason it was called the French and Indian war was because it pitted them against France and it's Native American allies. Most of the war was fought around the Ohio Valley. Some tribes supported the French, such as the Algonquins and Hurons. The Iroquois supported the British. One of the reasons they sided with the British was because they were very close to the Colonies and the British territory. The land fought between the British and french was fought three times between1689-1748. Each war ended with an uneasy peace. Another war broke out in 1754. As the years went by, the war went back and fourth. As the British strived for new routes to attack the French the French forts were too strong to fall. For the last two years the British failed to beat the French. These attempts put many set back son the British until 1757 when William Pitt took control of the British army. He strove to put the battle as a top priority. Pitt brought the best of the best from Britain to encourage those in the U.S. Pit's great events succeeded as General Quebec surrendered to Britain on September 18th, 1759, at the Plains of Abraham.

James's notes **First Continental Congress 1774** 12 delegates from 12 different colonies meet in Philadelphia, in Carpenters act, on September 5th, 1774. Georgia didn’t attend. This was called, the First Continental Congress 1774. They were meeting about the Taxing that the British were putting on the Colonists, or the Intolerable act. The delegates agreed to boycott the British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerable acts repelled. The delegates agreed to also each train and bring up there own militia (an army of citizens that act as soldiers in an emergency). The delegates planed to meet again in May, 1775. The Intolerable act was the laws and acts that were passed and set on the colonists by the British Parliament. The main purpose of the proclamation of 1763 was to control the colonists and where they lived. His proclamation was to keep the colonists from moving to the western frontier. The imaginary line was dived by the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. Another reason the British gave this law was to give the Native Americans a place to live. Before the British took over the French in the French and Indian war, the French had a good relationship with the Native Americans. After the war the British took control with the French’s relationship with the Native Americans. To reinforce this law the British sent 10,000 troops, which of course the colonists were paying for with there taxes. Eventually the Colonists ignored the British and moved to the west anyway because of the very few troops that were set on the border.
 * Proclamation of 1763**